Motorola's stock market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motorola's financial exchange - Essay Example In the year 2006 the Motorola Company was positioned number 54 from a past positioning at number 49, the positioning depended on income levels and the size of the organization, along these lines it is fitting to put resources into the organization because of the way that it is developing as far as income, benefits and profit to investors. 4 In 2005 the profit for each offer added up to 1.81 pounds, the rate change from the year 2004 was 182.8%, the all out rate comes back to financial specialists added up to 32.5% in the year 2005 and the yearly development rate in the profits add up to 3.8% from the year 2005.5 Throughout the years there has been an expansion in the degree of profits to financial specialists as directed by the above table, a 6.4% increment from the year 1995 to the year 2005. The complete comes back to financial specialists in 2005 added up to 32.5% and furthermore the development in the pace of come back from the year 1995 is a yearly pace of 3.8%.7 It would be in this way be productive to put resources into this offers which will yield comes back to a financial specialist, the development rate in the degree of profits means that the speculation made will yield more returns in an exceptionally brief period, proof can likewise be connected to the ascent in its positioning among different organizations, the Motorola compa

Non microsoft desktop operating system Research Paper

Non microsoft work area working framework - Research Paper Example The assortment incorporates Sun solaris, AIX, HP-UX with every single one of them making UNIX an example of overcoming adversity. This article depicts every one of the working framework dependent on their rise and the resulting improvements to make them huge to the clients. Presentation The utilization of UNIX among the PC proprietors has amazingly expanded in the course of the most recent 25 years. Its prominence emerged because of its commitment in the starting of the web and overall web. The vast majority of the individuals moved from the Microsoft working framework during this stage when UNIX framework related with propelling of the web and World Wide Web. This triggers the need to build up the utilization of the distinctive UNIX working framework despite the fact that they are not result of the well known Microsoft. There is a firm rivalry existing in the market because of the assortment of working programming existing in the market for the clients. The UNIX framework being a no n-Microsoft work area working frameworks have coordinated different classifications of its item so as to expand its utilization among the purchasers. Every one of the orders accessible for the UNIX framework can be found alongside the three significant sorts: Sun solaris, AIX and HP-UX. These three kinds of the working framework speak to the different alterations that have been made throughout the years. Kinds OF UNIX OS Hewlett-Packard HP-UX The development of Hewlett-Packard Unix in the market to a great extent depended on the System V discharge 3. A foundation of PA-RISC HP 9000 bolstered the full running of the item before the presentation of the Version 1. The year 2001 denoted an achievement for the framework following the presentation of the fortification of Itanium frameworks. Further, the HP-UX went about as the principal framework to permit the clients to join the Access Control List (ACLs). The Access Control List (ACLs) is helpful in overseeing document authorizations. T he joining of fortification for the Logical Volume Manager in the framework additionally made the HP-UX be an example of overcoming adversity. It speaks to the main item from the Unix Systems, which benefited decision for the clients to buy a particular kind of working condition. This is diverse to different frameworks, which offered the clients with general working conditions. The HP-UX likewise permits the clients to access to the record framework utilized by an outsider, in type of Veritas, in contrast to different frameworks. The framework additionally profits the clients with numerous decisions dependent on virtualization, for example, Vpars, asset allotments, and nPartitions (Ritchie, 2003). The clients can likewise run the framework on HP 9000s accordingly delineating the convenience. Further, the HP-UX can likewise run on Integrity Itanium frameworks. The framework is additionally ready to run on 128-processor centers with no disappointment. The properties of HP-UX, from its capacity to utilize Veritas to assortment of virtualization, make the item mainstream among the clients who might want to connect with a solid order line. The greater part of the OS clients additionally favor HP-UX due to the consideration of a menu base framework, which takes into consideration proficiency during use. Sun Solaris This is a working framework implied for the non-Microsoft work areas presented as the aftereffect of change to the SunOS. The change of the SunOS to the Sun Solaris emerged because of the need of getting rid of the BSD flavor. The BSD flavor was the significant part of Unix before the year 1992 followed by the SunOS forms 5.0. The Sun Solaris appeared after the rebranding of the Unix System V.

Inhalants: A Cheap, Easy and Deadly High Essay -- Inhalant Abuse

Several family items are being abused as inhalants. A portion of these items incorporate nail clean remover, hair splash, cleaning liquids, shower paint, and the fuel in airborne whipped cream (â€Å"Inhalantsâ€Å", 2010). Inhalants are breathable compound fumes that clients purposefully breathe in view of the chemical’s mind-adjusting impacts (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2010). The pattern in inhalant maltreatment is developing among the youthful network all through the nation. Overviews have appeared in 2008 2 million Americans of 12 or over detailed utilizing inhalants (NIDA, 2010). Little youngsters from the age of 12 to 17 are the essential age gathering of abusers (National Drug Intelligence Center [NDIC], 2001). The numbers mirror that it is getting progressively famous for youthful America to manhandle the different inhalants accessible to them without understanding the present moment and long haul impacts of the medication. Inhalants come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Every inhalant can be categorized as one of four general classes for the substances. Fluids that are disintegrated at room temperature whenever left in unlocked holders are viewed as unstable solvents. Gas, nail clean remover, felt-tip markers, and paste contain unpredictable solvents. Splashes that contain forces and solvents fall under the airborne classification. Paint, antiperspirant, cooking items, and silver and gold shower paint are natural mist concentrates. Substances that need distinct shape or volume, for example, refrigerants and clinical sedatives are gases. Nitrous oxide, otherwise called giggling gas, is manhandled more regularly than any gas. It very well may be gotten from whipped cream gadgets, items that help octane levels in dashing vehicles, inflatables, or little fixed vials called whippets. Gases found in butane lighters, air c... ...alize that manhandling inhalants causes genuine impacts. Not exclusively does an individual encounter the transient impacts that draw in them to the medication yet additionally experience the drawn out impacts that can leave a basic blemish on a person’s wellbeing. Abusers of inhalants should be taught that what is believed to be a fantastic high is really a lethal high. References Inhalants. (2010). Web. 30 Mar. 2015. http://www.drugfree.org/entry/drug_guide/inhalants Missouri Department of Mental Health. (n.d.). Inhalants. Web. 30 Mar. 2015. http://www.well.com/client/woa/fsinhale.htm National Drug Intelligence Center. (2001). Insight Brief: Huffing The Abuse of Inhalants. Web. 30 Mar. 2015. http://www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs07/708/index.htm National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2010). Inhalants. Web. 30 Mar. 2015. http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/inhalants.html

Summary of Human Resource Management Free Essays

It is significant that human research the board to change from being principally managerial and operational to vital accomplice. The explanation is it significant is on the grounds that the human asset office assumes a critical job in deciding the way of life of an association. HR advance and actualize arrangements and methods. We will compose a custom article test on Synopsis of Human Resource Management or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The key zones are recruiting rehearses, pay, the executives relations and representative direct and conduct. The choices made by the HR office will impact an association in a positive or negative manner. The zones that will feel the effect or difficulties will make mindfulness, remuneration plans, recruiting practices and conduct. â€Å"The job of the Human Resource Manager is advancing with the change in serious market condition and the acknowledgment that Human Resource Management must assume an increasingly key job in the accomplishment of an association. Associations that don't put their accentuation on pulling in and holding gifts may wind up in desperate outcomes, as their rivals might be outflanking them in the key work of their human resources†. The HR division can give the advantage of demonstrating the board what the way of life is truly similar to. What is uncovered may prompt positive changes in the association culture, it could likewise lead benefits that the employee’s need. The human asset office can likewise assist the executives with choosing if there is a requirement for change or wipe out projects that are redundant. The human asset leave is essential with regards to remuneration since it is obligation regarding the plan or format programs for the association. A great deal relies upon how well the human asset office carries out their responsibility, for example, the positive and negative effect on authoritative culture. It is instrument that the HR office makes an arrangement with a motivator program for workers, which could inspire the representatives and increment profitability. In the event that efficiency is up, at that point I accept they are going the correct way. The human asset office likewise decides the employing and enrolling rehearses utilized by the association, which greatly affects the authoritative culture. The connections between an effective business and Human Resource Management must be consolidated into an associations plans and procedures to have the option to keep up life span of achievement. The historical backdrop of the improvement of human asset the board can be followed back to the mid 1900s. Human asset manager’s unique capacity was to fundamentally deal with the connection among organizations and worker's guilds. Galbraith and Nathanson built up a model for the human asset the executives work that partitioned the human asset the executives work into four fundamental sub capacities. The human asset the board work was separated into seven sections. Human asset the board are seen as a basic piece of an association, likewise observed as an important to manage worker's guilds. Human Resource Management centers around making sure about, keeping up, and utilizing a viable work power, which associations can endeavor. Human Resource Management includes a variety of exercises, which incorporate enrollment, and screening workers, getting ready preparing needs, dissect human asset estimates, pay frameworks, and a comprehension of the laws. The Human Resource Management work has developed altogether since the mid 1900. The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) was experiencing a reestablishment period. With recharging and change, it is basic for the human asset the board capacity to embrace a vital job so as to help and empower CSC ‘s business drivers. CSC is in the individuals business, and individuals and positive connections contain our most significant resource; this is fundamental for satisfying our open wellbeing order. Each individual at CSC has a task to carry out in assisting with accomplishing the outcomes set out in this Plan. CSC ‘s directors have shared responsibility for these outcomes. The Assistant Commissioner Human Resource Management is responsible for setting the establishment and individuals benefits that will empower supervisors to meet their business objectives proficiently and successfully. The Deputy Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners, and directors and manager inside their locale or segment, are responsible for the usage of good human asset the executives to give a sound work environment and guarantee a beneficial and imaginative workforce, and empowering learning and improvement. Representatives are liable for being an accomplice to make a sound working environment, beneficial and creative workforce, and for their learning and improvement. Provincial help for the Plan will be accepted fundamentally by the Assistant Agent Commissioners of Corporate Services. [Full depiction of figure: CSC’s Program Activity Architecture] This Strategic Plan for Human Resource Management covers the time of 2009-2010 to 2011-2012. The Plan coordinates CSC’s business lines as found in the Program Activity Architecture and as sketched out in the CSC Report on Plans and Priorities (RPP). In December 2007, in the wake of finishing a top to bottom audit of the government restorative framework, an Independent Review Panel conveyed its report, A Roadmap to Strengthening Public Safety. The human asset the executives needs are lined up with the Review Panel’s perceptions and suggestions. The CSC Review Panel embraced CSC ‘s Strategic Plan for Human Resource Management for 2007-2008 to 2010-2011. The Review Panel built up a lot of proposals to react to issues that came out of conversations with bleeding edge staff and to the basic issues CSC must deliver so as to promote the vital needs laid out in the Plan. The accompanying graph gives an outline of the Panel’s suggestions. These proposals are incorporated all through this arrangement. Full depiction of figure: Human Resource Management] In supporting the past Strategic Plan for Human Resource Management , the Panel expressed that â€Å"CSC ‘s needs in issues identified with human asset the board must guarantee that practices are strong and viable to permit the association to convey on its key operational needs and different exercises in a financially savvy way, and this is done in a way that is steady with open assistance esteems that are fundamental to a solid working environment and to the certainty and trust of Canadians. † 2 This announcement is as obvious today as it was at that point, and keeping i n mind that the past 2007 CSC Strategic Plan for Human Resource Management accomplished various achievements and carried possession and responsibility to CSC pioneers by setting significant HR issues on the organization’s motivation, there is still a lot of work to be finished. This Plan expands on the aftereffects of the activities set forth in the past arrangement and keeps on expanding on those significant accomplishments to additionally bolster the association in meeting its developing business needs and the Government’s by and large open wellbeing motivation. Territorial and Sector exercises in the zone of human asset the executives and administrations stream from this Strategic Plan. Incorporated into the establishment of administrations gave by human asset experts in all areas and at national home office on the side of CSC exercises, are plans and measures identified with CSC needs. Of significance in the medium and longer term is producing connections and drawing in our accomplices to keep on expanding on the present establishment of human asset the board, and putting resources into our kin through a few key exercises illustrated under these three needs. These needs and key exercises, including Public Service Renewal, will achieve upgrades in human asset the board on the side of CSC’s change and business goals. The association that I might want to talk about is really the United States Air Force. As the Career Assistance Advisor, I work with the employing authorities and putting the correct people with the correct activity. There is a procedure that the Human Resource office needs to follow and it is basic that they hit the nail on the head. Every year the military need people in specific places that meet certain models fill employments. The HR division at Randolph Air Force base needs to work intimately with associations or units to take care of their keeping an eye on needs so as to help their central goal. There is an examination of keeping an eye on accomplished for each profession field to decide whether a position should be filled, when that is decide, HR office matches individuals with the area and occupation. Additionally, every year the Air Force verifies that some profession fields are over kept an eye on and some are short kept an eye on. This circumstance makes a requirement for recruiting for the short kept an eye on vocation field to meet the Air Force maintenance objectives. The HR office works with units to fill uncommon obligation, standard and incessant basic occupations. The HR division discovers the necessities and prerequisites for the situations from the units. At that point the HR division makes the commercial and screens the candidates that apply to guarantee that they settle on the correct choice dependent on the necessities and prerequisites. The HR division must guarantee that the candidates meet the necessities, since when they do enlist the person, there is a ton that follows. The principal thing to follow in getting the individual prepared which may require specialized school. The following stage is getting the part to the new position area, which both cost the administration cash to do. The HR office that I manage every day makes an exhaustive showing of guaranteeing that the individual is even qualified, before they go any further simultaneously, so by doing so spare the administration time, cash and assets. The HR office is the way to keeping the Air Force appropriately kept an eye on and prepared at

Comparison between smokers and non-smokers Essay

Smokers and non-smokers have numerous distinctions, and not many similitudes. I am one of those individuals who have been dependent upon compulsion and got into the propensity for smoking despite the fact that I do understand that us smokers are looked downward on by numerous individuals. Numerous cafés and open spots have become non-smoking, which keeps smokers from going certain spots. The vast majority who smoke understand the unsafe effects, however compulsion is too solid to even think about overcoming that more often than not. For me I don’t think it’s as much the fixation, however how cigarettes assist me with unwinding and mitigate pressure. One of the fundamental reasons non-smokers look down on smokers is on the grounds that the greater part of them understand the unsafe effects, yet keep on smoking since they are dependent. Individuals who smoke will in general spend a ton of cash on cigarettes that they could be spending on something that is more essential than cigarettes. Individuals who smoke by and large have a yellowish tint on their fingernails and teeth from the tar in the cigarettes. Terrible breath is likewise a typical quality to individuals who smoke, which would benefit from outside intervention by breath mints or gum, yet the vast majority who smoke don’t heft those things around with them. Numerous individuals who smoke might want to very smoking to forestall certain future medical issues, yet can’t on the grounds that they are dependent. Non-smokers, be that as it may, don't comprehend us smokers since they have never experienced compulsion for themselves. Non-smokers don't need to squander their cash on cigarettes since they don't smoke. Non-smokers don't need to stress over recolored fingernails or teeth either, which encourages them have a to some degree cleaner appearance. They could, be that as it may, have terrible breath relying upon what sort of food they eat and how regularly they brush their teeth. When all is said in done non-smokers are more advantageous in light of the fact that they don't have that tar stopping up their lungs.

MPH 16 Bartosz Garbaczewski, MIA 16 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A view from the class Stephanie Martinez, MIA/MPH ’16 Bartosz Garbaczewski, MIA ’16 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This weeks  SIPA student profile features two bright individuals. The first, is about a dual-degree student who worked with the Peace Corps as a community health volunteer in Cameroon. The second, was recently awarded the China Trek Research Grant to work on a solar project in a rural area of China.   Stephanie Martinez, MIA/MPH ’16, is a dual-degree student at SIPA and the Mailman School of Public Health. At SIPA, Stephanie is concentrating in economic and political development with a specialization in gender and public policy. Fueled by her experiences living and working in rural Cameroon, Stephanie is dedicated to using her graduate education at Columbia to launch a career in global maternal and reproductive health rights advocacy and programming. Stephanie graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2011 with a B.A. in both international development studies and Spanish. She then began her service as a Peace Corps community health volunteer in Cameroon. Over the course of her two years of service, Stephanie worked with local counterparts in assessing and creating programs to address the community’s greatest health challenges. Her work focused on family planning and reproductive health education for men, women, and students. Stephanie’s experiences in Camer oon cemented her resolve to work to empower women globally through health access and to promote sustainable maternal health services. In her free time, Stephanie loves to blog, tap dance, and find new cafes in the city. Bartosz Garbaczewski, MIA ’16, is from Rzeszow, Poland is focusing his studies in global energy management and policy with a specialization in advanced policy and economic analysis. Bartosz’s choice of the degree is based on his belief that the energy sector is an excellent catalyst for positive change - be it by providing energy accessibility to those deprived of it, minimizing impacts on natural environments, promoting responsible use of hydrocarbon resources, or helping to alleviate geopolitical crisis. Upon graduating with a degree in international economics from Nottingham University in England, Bartosz joined a Finance Graduate Development Program at Royal Dutch Shell, where he worked in Europe and in the Middle East. In the past, he also served as an economist intern to the UK’s Government Economic Service at the Department for Work and Pensions. In his first semester at SIPA, Bartosz became a member of the SIPA Energy Association, Consulting Club, and Finance Society. M ost recently, he obtained the China Trek Research Grant from SIPA and looks forward to working on a solar project in the Western rural regions of China. Bartosz looks forward to interning across the public and private energy sector this summer to further develop his skills as an energy professional. We look forward to Stephanies and Bartosz’s next year at SIPA!

A Case Study of SMEs in Shaanxi City, China - 275 Words

A Case Study of SMEs in Shaanxi City, China (Essay Sample) Content: Barriers for SMEs to Access Finance in China: A Case Study of SMEs in Shaanxi City, ChinaDeclarationIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬..hereby declare that this piece of work is my original work and has never been presented in any institution of learning institution.AbstractThis study primarily sought to explore the qualitative relationship between Chinese SMEs and banks or other financial institutions in terms to access to finance, with a focus on barriers. A case study of SMEs in Shaanxi was used, and a survey involving 87 managers and owners of SMEs undertaken to address the research questions. Consistent with several past studies, this study establish that bank loans remain unpopular source of finance among the SMEs, with majority resorting to finances from their personal savings and loans and grants from families and friends. This state of affairs is attributed to a number of issues and barriers associated with banks loans, including high costs of access, institutional and procedural bureaucracies and unwillingness on part of banks to negotiate on rates. The situation is unlikely to change fundamentally in the near future, due to information asymmetry which prompts loan rationing among others. The study recommends various policy measures that may be adopted to address the issue.Key words: SMEs, bank loan, Shaanxi, access to financeDedication[Mention people you wish to dedicate the work to ]AcknowledgmentsI would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to a number of individuals without whom my dream to obtain a [level of the degree eg. Bachelors , masters ,doctoral] degree would have been extremely difficult.I would like to acknowledge my awesome dissertation committee members, [Names] for their professionalism, advice, and support, particular ly throughout the dissertation process.Sincere thanks also to my wonderful and [Friends and relatives]I am eternally grateful to you all and will never be able to repay you for all you have done to help me make my commitment a reality.Table of ContentsTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Declaration PAGEREF _Toc397581923 \h iiAbstract PAGEREF _Toc397581924 \h iiiDedication PAGEREF _Toc397581925 \h ivAcknowledgments PAGEREF _Toc397581926 \h v1.0 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc397581927 \h 1Problem Statement PAGEREF _Toc397581928 \h 1Aim and Objectives of the Study PAGEREF _Toc397581929 \h 2Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc397581930 \h 2Justification and contributions of the Study PAGEREF _Toc397581931 \h 3Dissertation Structure PAGEREF _Toc397581932 \h 3Development of SME in China PAGEREF _Toc397581933 \h 4Sources of Finance for SME PAGEREF _Toc397581934 \h 5Factors Influencing SMEs to Access Finances PAGEREF _Toc397581935 \h 7Structure of the Chinese Financial System PAGEREF _Toc397581936 \h 9Current SME Financing Policies in China PAGEREF _Toc397581937 \h 10Financial Policies in Other Nations PAGEREF _Toc397581938 \h 12Relationship between Chinese SME and Financial Institutions PAGEREF _Toc397581939 \h 14Barriers to Access of Funds by SME PAGEREF _Toc397581940 \h 15Lack of appropriate collateral to banks PAGEREF _Toc397581941 \h 15Poor Credit Ratings Assessment PAGEREF _Toc397581942 \h 16Lack of Transparency in Accounting and Auditing PAGEREF _Toc397581943 \h 16Economies of Scale PAGEREF _Toc397581944 \h 16Political Risks PAGEREF _Toc397581945 \h 17Investment and Tax Policies PAGEREF _Toc397581946 \h 17Summary of the Chapter PAGEREF _Toc397581947 \h 17Chapter 3: Methodology PAGEREF _Toc397581948 \h 19Epistemological Approach PAGEREF _Toc397581949 \h 19Research Design PAGEREF _Toc397581950 \h 19Research Strategies PAGEREF _Toc397581951 \h 19Sample and Sample Size PAGEREF _Toc397581952 \h 20Inclusion Criteria PAGEREF _Toc397581953 \h 20Data Collection Methods PAGEREF _Toc397581954 \ h 21Data Analysis PAGEREF _Toc397581955 \h 22Validity and Reliability PAGEREF _Toc397581956 \h 22Ethical Considerations PAGEREF _Toc397581957 \h 23Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis PAGEREF _Toc397581958 \h 25The overall condition of SMEsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ease of access to finance PAGEREF _Toc397581959 \h 25Duration taken to access credit facilities PAGEREF _Toc397581960 \h 28Opening a bank account PAGEREF _Toc397581961 \h 28Enterprise age and access to finance PAGEREF _Toc397581962 \h 30Sources of Finance PAGEREF _Toc397581963 \h 34Issues and Barriers PAGEREF _Toc397581964 \h 36General difficulty in accessing finances PAGEREF _Toc397581965 \h 36Impact PAGEREF _Toc397581966 \h 41How Chinese SMEsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ access to finance PAGEREF _Toc397581967 \h 43Chapter Summary PAGEREF _Toc397581968 \h 44Chapter 5: Discussions PAGEREF _Toc397581969 \h 45Access to Finance PAGEREF _Toc397581970 \h 46Accounting for the Issues and Barriers PAGEREF _Toc397581971 \h 48Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendatio ns PAGEREF _Toc397581972 \h 51Recommendations PAGEREF _Toc397581973 \h 52Limitations and Implications for Future Research PAGEREF _Toc397581974 \h 54References PAGEREF _Toc397581975 \h 55Appendix 1 PAGEREF _Toc397581976 \h 59Questionnaire PAGEREF _Toc397581977 \h 59List of tables TOC \h \z \c "Table"Table 1: Frequency distribution on perceived ease of access PAGEREF _Toc397581978 \h 26Table 2: Statistics Perceived ease of access to bank finance PAGEREF _Toc397581979 \h 27Table 3: Frequency table-Business life span before opening a bank account PAGEREF _Toc397581980 \h 28Table 4: Frequency table- Enterprise age and access to finance PAGEREF _Toc397581981 \h 30Table 5: Statistics: Duration taken to open a bank account and to obtain loans PAGEREF _Toc397581982 \h 32Table 6: Major sources of finance PAGEREF _Toc397581983 \h 34Table 7: Key barriers /issues to accessing finances PAGEREF _Toc397581984 \h 37Table 8: Impact of difficulty in accessing bank finances PAGEREF _Toc397581985 \h 41Table 9: Measures to improve access to bank and financial institutionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ loans PAGEREF _Toc397581986 \h 43Table of FiguresTOC \h \z \c "Figure" Figure 1: The participants in the study, by their tittles PAGEREF _Toc397582010 \h 25Figure 2: Perceived ease of access PAGEREF _Toc397582011 \h 26Figure 3: Business life span before opening an account PAGEREF _Toc397582012 \h 29Figure 4 Enterprise age and access to finance PAGEREF _Toc397582013 \h 31Figure 5: Major sources of finance PAGEREF _Toc397582014 \h 35Figure 6: General difficulty in accessing finances PAGEREF _Toc397582015 \h 36Figure 7: Difficulty in accessing finances from bank or other financial institutions finances PAGEREF _Toc397582016 \h 37Figure 8: Key barriers to SMs financing PAGEREF _Toc397582017 \h 39Figure 9: Impact of difficulty in accessing bank finances PAGEREF _Toc397582018 \h 421.0 IntroductionAccess to finance has been shown to be a major challenge to SMEs across the globe and China in particular (Cho ng Ongena, 2013; Dollar et al., 2000; Kostka et al., 2013; Li, 2011). The SMEsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ difficulty in accessing finance among the Chinese SMEs is well captured in a study by Hussain, Millman and Matlay (2006), which brings out the contrast between UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s SMEsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s financing, and the Chinese SME financing. Though in both countries the SMEs have considerable difficulties getting start-up capital from financing institutions. In the UK, this difficulty is short lived among well performing SMEs because after five years of uninterrupted growth they easily access finances from financing institution. However, in China, the problem appears prolonged and indefinite as SMEs mainly depend on the immediate family for financing and to a limited extent financial institution, even for those that have been in continuous business for long. Given crucial role played by SMEs in providing economic productivity of the country and well being of the people supported by income generate d from SMEs, it is crucial to investigate into details factors accounting for such barriers, and explore the most viable way forward.Problem StatementAs aptly captured by the capital structure theories, firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ developmental needs to financial structure. One of the most influential models is Berger and Udellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s (2006)Âfinancial growth cycleÂwhich asserts that financial needs of an organization change overtime as its size and age of operations increase. At a young age and small size, firms may survive on entrepreneurs personal sources. However, as it grows and become older, it needs access to larger funds such as debt market and personal equities (Berger Black, 2011). Despite being crucial for their expansion, access to finance remains a serious difficulty for SMEs in many countries (Dollar et al., 2000). In their study of SMEs access to finance in Tanzania, Woldie, Mwita and Saidimu (2012) note that access to microfinance facilities has been severely ina dequate due to lack of collaterals, limited skills to develop and manage bankable projects as well as high transaction costs. These constrains, they argue could be limited by having applicants take micro-insurance as collateral and stream lining accessibility.The situation in China is no different, as various studies indicate that SMEs in China face serious financial constraints, and that this is the major barrier to their growth and innovation (Chong Ongena, 2013; Kostka et al., 2013). Studies also indicate that the Chinese SMEs have limited access to financial resource, as compared to oth...

How To Do Business In China Essay - 1905 Words

Now that business is becoming global, it combined the whole economic, no matter you will accept or not, any countries, corporations and individuals can not stop this trend, what we can do is change ourselves to suit the globalization. As a multinational company, develop different markets have its necessity, and market development can be helpful for the development of the company. In this report ,as the people working in this company, will analyse the differences between home country market and target country market, and help to choose the suitable market when company have willing to investing in a foreign country, the decision of the country which the company can invest in is China. In this report, will make analysis for Chinese market†¦show more content†¦And, China is a big country of resource, its cost of labor forces and materials are low, it can help for save the fabricating cost. Above all, Chinese furniture market as a huge latent market, it is the suitable decision for company to invest. Britain has a long tradition of parliamentary democracy, and the United Kingdom is a federal country, many of the current legislation of UK are applicable to the whole territory of the United Kingdom. British justice is independent of the Government administration. For business, the British has a history of mercantilism and put more importance to business, they use the model that single ministry manage all the business in UK. The Department for Business, Enterprise Regulatory Reform (BERR) is the management ministry. BERR follows the former Department of Trade and Industry in terms of productivity, business relations, energy, competition and consumer policy, and functions that include company law and employment management. Moreover, the BERR increase of new inter-departmental coordination and promotion of business, government and industry to better manage, provide support for the newly formed British Chamber of Commerce and continue to improve the economic results with the Ministry of Local Government and the community According to the data of statistical organization TransparencyShow MoreRelatedBusiness in China1131 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 29th, 2012 International Business Doing Business in China The role of government when doing business in China is very important. It is especially important if you are from a different country, such as the United States, because the approaches to dealing with the government are much different. There are many factors in which should be considered when dealing with business related issues with the government. 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Here in the U.S. we believe in streamlining work practices, being very efficient, using minimal manpower as needed, and introducing robots and other machinery to eliminate the need for a person to have to do the jobRead MoreMy Assumptions About China And Chinese Culture1069 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Doing business in China may require more patience and understanding the culture before adventuring in taking a foreign assignment. There are several factors that need to be looked at before taking the assignment, knowledge, skills, and culture understanding, knowing how to negotiate and knowing when to except the idea. There are traditions and customs that China has that have to be known before anyone conducting business in China needs to know. 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Cyber Security Incidents And Security Violations - 1432 Words

One of the biggest challenges that businesses face today is planning and preparing for security breaches, especially how to react and respond to cyber security incidents and security breaches. Security-related threats have become quite a nuisance and are more diverse than ever before. The security-related threats have become more disruptive to business processes and more damaging to company’s reputation. With preventative activities encompassing the results of risk assessments, penetration tests, and an effective vulnerability management programs can lessen the effects and decrease the impact of incidents. There is no way to completely prevent all incidents from happening within the company’s networks during day to day operations. Having†¦show more content†¦Identify, contain, and eradicate cyber threats to the bank and its infrastructure, and restore resources in the event of a cyber-incident. Minimize the disruption to both internal and external customers. Pr ovide the necessary input and support to the appropriate infrastructure unit to recover any computer systems impacted during a cyber-incident. Collect data and evidence for potential prosecution. This document will outline the basic CSIRT approach in four phases that will provide preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication and recovery, post-incident activity and lessons learned. CSIRT Mission The primary mission of the bank’s CSIRT is to effectively remove threats from bank’s computing environment, while minimizing damage and restoring normal operations as quickly as possible. Additional objectives of the CSIRT are to: Respond to all cyber security incidents or suspected incidents using an organized, formal investigative process. Quickly determine if an intrusion or security incident actually occurred. Assess the impact and scope of a security incident. Contain, eradicate, and remediate the incident. Minimize the disruption to business and network operations for both internal and external customers. Collect and document all evidence related to an incident. Select and engage additional support as necessary. Incident Playbooks With every security incident being unique it is impossible to anticipate every circumstance that the CSIRT may face when

Discover More About Polyplacophora

The term Polyplacophora refers to a class of marine life that are part of the mollusk family. The tongue-twisting word is Latin for many plates. The animals in this class are commonly known as chitons  and they have eight overlapping plates, or valves, on their flat, elongated shells. About 800 species of chitons have been described. Most of these animals live in the intertidal zone. Chitons may be from 0.3 to 12 inches long. Under their shell plates, chitons have a mantle, bordered by a girdle or skirt. They may also have spines or hairs. The shell allows the creature to protect itself, but the overlapping design also lets it flex in an upwards motion and move. Chitons can also curl up into a ball.  Because of this, the shell provides protection at the same time as permitting the chiton to flex upward when it needs to move. How Polyplacophora Reproduce There are male and female chitons, and they reproduce by releasing sperm and eggs into the water. The eggs may be fertilized in the water or the female may retain the eggs, which are then fertilized by sperm that enters along with water as the female respires. Once the eggs are fertilized, they become free-swimming larvae and then turn into a juvenile chiton. Here are a few more facts that we know about Polyplacophora: The word is pronounced  poly-plac-o-for-a.Chitons are  also referred to as  sea cradles  or coat-of-mail shells. Other names they are recognized by include loricates,  polyplacophorans and  polyplacophores.These creatures are not commonly seen by beach-goers, as they live in rock crevices or under rocks. They can also live on rocks.Polyplacophora are found in cold waters and in tropical waters. Some live in tidal zones and can hold up to air exposure for periods of time. Others can live as deep as 20,000 feet under the surface of the water.They are only found in salt water.  They like to stay close to home and exhibit homing, which means they travel to feed and then return to the same spot.  People eat these sea creatures. They are commonly served throughout the Caribbean islands in places such as Tobago, Aruba, Barbados, Bermuda, and Trinidad. People in North and South America also eat them, as well as those in the Philippines.Similar to a mussel, they have a muscula r foot that allows them to move. Also like a mussel, they have strong adhesion powers and can cling quite powerfully to rocks in the ocean.There are both male and female chitons, and they reproduce externally.They eat everything from algae and diatoms to barnacles and bacteria. References: Campbell, A. and D. Fautin. 2001. ​Polyplacophora (Online), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed August 23, 2010.The Polyplacophora (Online). Man and Mollusc. Accessed August 23, 2010.Martinez, Andrew J. 2003. Marine Life of the North Atlantic. Aqua Quest Publications, Inc., New YorkUniversity of California Museum of Paleontology. The Polyplacophora (Online). Accessed August 23, 2010.

The Role of Using the Digital Campaign on Customer Satisfaction Essay

Essays on The Role of Using the Digital Campaign on Customer Satisfaction Essay The paper "The Role of Using the Digital Campaign on Customer Satisfaction" is an outstanding example of an essay on marketing. Digital campaign has brought about a revolution in the way business was conducted. The change has been very strong and has been reflected in the sales of consumer products. This has transformed the marketing world and the integration of digital campaigns in different ways is the need of the hour. This has enabled the consumer to get better and more information about the products which has changed their buying habits. The customer can use digital campaigns through the internet and compare the products of different companies thereby making their decision-making process better and ensure that they get the desired product. Digital campaign has brought some benefits and demerits along with it which has been an area marketers look into before deciding the course of action.The digital campaign has educated the customers by providing them useful insights into differ ent products. The extensive use of the internet has transformed the working by making it more of a commercial tool where the customer is able to garner information (Anderson, 2010). Also, the widespread usage of digital media and the increasing penetration level of the internet have enabled companies to look at it as a medium where maximum information can be spread easily ways (Anderson, 2010). Companies thereby have to ensure that maximum information about the product or services is provided in the allotted time and space so that the audience's attention magnifies.The increased use of digital media can be stated by the fact that consumers are laying more stress on creating new blogs. Using this blog consumers pass on information from one person to another thereby enabling them to have an idea about the product or services and influence the buying habits of the people (Kotler, 2002).The digital campaign helps to ensure higher customer satisfaction as the consumer is able to understa nd the product and services better. This guides them and provides the necessary impetus which companies are looking at. Companies thereby are looking towards increased dependence on the digital campaign as the lasting effect is high.Digital campaign has ensured consistency and brought the total market as a global market where customers have a lot of options to choose from (Chaffey, Fiona, Johnston Mayer, 2008). The customers by making use of it can ensure that they get the best bargain and their level of satisfaction is high. This has increased the bargaining power as people from different backgrounds, culture and religions can convulse together and ensure that their satisfaction and bargaining power increases. This has strengthened the motive of the companies to look towards digital campaigns as it helps to provide them the required push.A research conducted shows that â€Å"with decreasing customer base companies to ensure that customers stay back and at the same time get new cu stomer looks towards endorsing digital campaign in their marketing program†.

Reading Among Youth Free Essays

CABRAL, ALYANNA ANGELINA M. Argumentative Essay Communication I (TFD2) October 16, 2012 Technology and Movies Help in Promoting Reading among the Youth of Today â€Å"I find television very educating. Every time somebody turns on the set, I go into t he other room and read a book. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Among Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Groucho Marx). Upon reading this quotation from Marx, I felt that he is trying to make technology sound as the mortal nemesis of reading. If I were to choose between watching T. V. and reading a book, I would choose to watch T. V. right away. But if I put more thought into choosing, I would prefer reading a book. I just came to this realization that when I read a book, a novel for example, my mind is free to imagine. If I want to make myself the leading lady in the novel I am reading, and the leading man to be Zac Efron, I could do that. When we read novels, everything in the story is in our favor, but when it comes to the story itself, we cannot change anything. This capability of us to freely imagine is not present when watching T. V. It is because when watching T. V. , images that we see directly sinks in into our minds. In a soap opera, if you see that the leading man is Jericho Rosales, can you easily replace the leading man with Zac Efron by just using your imagination ? You cannot since the image of Jericho Rosales is stuck in your mind. In a fight between television and reading, obviously, I am now in the side of reading. But it does not mean that I am against technology. People always say that technology took away reading from the youth. But is technology that of a big hindrance to reading? Has technology done nothing to somehow influence the youth into reading? If I compared the youth today from the youth before, I can say that the youth before is more into reading than the youth today. Before, when radio was the only device as the source of entertainment in every household, when only rich people had televisions in their homes, and when average children only peek from the windows of other houses to watch television, reading Filipino comics was the favourite past time of young people. The Pinoy superheroes and famous characters that we know today such as Panday, Darna, Zuma, Dyesebel, and Captain Barbel l came from these comics. These comics were very affordable that even a kid who only has a few coins in his/her pocket as allowance can buy it. When youngsters had finished their comics they rented it to other comic readers. They did not only enjoy reading but they also made profit from it. But those are not the only advantages that comics have on the youth be fore. The common story in Filipino comics before was about losers who became superheroes. These types of comics give young readers that shining hope that someday they will be as admirable as these superheroes. In the modern times, I can say that reading among the youth is indeed lessened but I do think that reading is not dead among us. Youngsters may be very attached with the technology but many are still interested with reading novels, especially the teenagers. Novels like â€Å"A Walk to Remember†, â€Å"Harry Potter†, â€Å"Percy Jackson and the Olympians† , â€Å"The Hunger Games† and â€Å"The Vampire Diaries† are famous among teenagers. Reading these English novels is beneficial for young readers in terms of vocabulary. They learn new English words through context. Some modern novels also have disadvantages in terms of content. Some novels have contents that may be inappropriate for young readers. The erotic novel â€Å"50 Shades of Grey† and the epistolary novel â€Å"The Perks of Being a Wallflower† have parts that may be too sensual for teenagers. Some novels can also have contents expressing Cabral 2 brutality. The young adult novels like â€Å"The Hunger Games† and â€Å"The Vampire Diaries† have parts in it wherein the piercing of flesh and splashing of blood are explained in clear detail. But it is not only the English novels that are loved by teenagers. They also read books by Filipino writers. One great example of a famous Filipino writer among teenagers is Bob Ong. His works are famous for being humorous. I think that is why teenagers like his books. I have also read one of his books. The one I read was titled â€Å"Lumayo Ka Nga Sa Akin†. Indeed, the book was humorous—you can tell just by the title and cover of it , but behind that, it has content that criticizes the arts in the Philippines. It suggests that the quality of arts in the Philippines is poor in terms of the movies, songs, and artists that we produce. There were also parts of the book implying that Filipinos are dumb for being too shallow to buy these low-quality movies as suggested in the book. For me, having teenagers read these kinds of books is good for them. It is good for them in a way that at such young age, their eyes are opened to the real problems of our country. I think Bob Ong’s main purpose is not to make a fool out of Filipinos. I think his purpose was to wake Filipinos up. He wants Filipinos to know their mistakes and the things around them that need correction. That is why I recommend these kinds of books to teenagers since we are the people of tomorrow and as people of tomorrow, it is good that we already know the things that we should fix in ourselves and in our surroundings for a better country. Comics have images in them while novels only have texts. Considering this, I would prefer reading novels than comics. It is because reading without seeing any graphical representation of what you are reading will let you freely imagine and form in your mind your own picture of what you are reading. Contrasting Filipino comics from novels, I would say that Cabral 3 one difference between them is the age group of their readers. Unlike reading today, teenagers before were not the only ones who enjoyed reading comics but children of very young ages were able to enjoy them also since Filipino comics before covered a wide variety of stories and were written in Filipino. Today, kids are not able to enjoy reading as much as teenagers do. It is because kids prefer seeing pictures rather than texts. That is why kids before were able to enjoy comics because it has images in it. Also, most of the children today watch cartoons as their past time. Because of technology, some of the youth of today lost their interest in reading. Aside from technology, another factor why some of the youth today are taken away from reading is that the prices of books today are not very appropriate for young people. Before, Filipino comics were more or less 5 pesos each if you will buy it firsthand. If you will rent it from somebody, it costs about 2 pesos each. Nowadays, teenagers have to save money for months in order to buy a novel. One novel today costs more or less 300 pesos. Because of this, not all young people have access to these kinds of books. Despite that fact, many teenagers, who are avid readers, still find means to gain access to the novels they like to read. They may try to borrow books from their friends. They may also download e -books from the internet —and this is where the advantage of technology in reading comes in. Technology may have lessened reading in the modern times, but we cannot deny that it also helped young people to access any novel they like to read. Nowadays, teenagers have e book readers in their phones wherein they can read the ir downloaded e-books. If you do not have an e-book reader, you could just search for the pdf forms of the novels you like on the internet and then download it through different file sharing sites. These methods make reading more convenient and affordable for teenagers. Through downloading e -books and pdf files, they do not Cabral 4 have to spend money to be able to read novels. With just one click in their phones, t hey could read novels whenever and wherever since novels are stored in their phones. Aside from technology, another thing that made teenagers closer to reading is moviebased novels. Before, stories in Filipino comics that became very famous were made into movies. This trend before can also be observed today. As far as I know, this trend started with â€Å"Harry Potter† which is a series of fantasy novels. Every novel in this series was made into a movie and every movie turned into a success. The same goes for â€Å"Twilight† which is a series of vampire-themed fantasy romance novels. These kinds of movies are famous among teenagers nowadays. As to what I have observed, fans of a typical novel-based movie are divided into two: those who have read the novel before watching the movie and those who became fans upon watching the movie. Because of these kinds of movies, teenagers who are non-readers of novels suddenly become interested in reading. The fact that novel-based movies are often in series also helped in promoting reading among non-readers. Let us take the Twilight series as an example. When non-readers watch the movie â€Å"Twilight†, which is based from the first novel in the series, and they liked it, they w ill be enticed to read the book itself. They will continue to read up to the fourth book which is â€Å"Breaking Dawn† because they will be eager to know about the happenings in the succeeding novels in the series. So, it turns out that technology is not a nemesis of reading after all. Actually, it helps to promote reading by rendering the youth free access to their favourite novels via e-book. Despite that fact, we cannot deny that reading from a book is still better than reading from an e -book. Scrolling an e-book from your phone or tablet is nothing compared with flipping the crisp pages Cabral 5 of a book. What is important is that there are still many youth today who appreciate the greatness of reading a book. They do not only give importance to the knowledge they can get from reading, but they also appreciate the beauty of it and the fulfilment of reading wonderful stories. Cabral 6 How to cite Reading Among Youth, Essay examples

Motivation Family, Friends and Future Essay Example For Students

Motivation Family, Friends and Future Essay Its not the alarm clock to wake me up every morning, but the dream! Thinking of the dream, these words appear in my mind: family, friends and future. These three F  s are the motivations that help me to achieve my dream, to live the way that I want to live. Everyone has their own family, and everyone needs family. Parents give us all their love and they are reliable. I believe there is not any kind of love that could compare to parents love. Every time when I dont feel good, they always tell me The wind will stop, and so will the rain. Stay happy. You can get through anything.   Because of that, I feel confident of myself in everything. If I run out of motivation, the only thing I would think about are my parents, who give me everything I have right now. When I was born, I was naked, underweight, short height, untalkable and unwalkable, all I could do was crying to express what I was thinking. At the time, my parents helped me with everything. They gave me all their love; they never complained to me or blame on me about my naivete; they are like a candle, burning themselves for me. Their love motivates me. As an international student who is study in a foreign country, I always feel homesick and want to go home as soon as possible, but I cant. Thinking about parents who are waiting for me to come back home with success, I could not come back yet, I need to study hard and to be successful. Therefore, one day, when I come back home, my parents will be proud of me, and they will know all the money and time they spent on me was worth it. In order to go back home as soon as possible, I realize I need to study hard and get many credits every semester. They give me all their love, I cant let them down. Friends are the priceless treasure I have got besides family. Friends are the impetus when I get into trouble. Sometimes I feel study is so boring when I am alone, however, if there is a friend study with, I feel more interested, because we could talk sometime. In some cases, they are the impetus that makes me feel that I would like to go to school, because we can hang out with each other at school everyday. In another case, some of my friends are really good at studying, because of that, I think I should study harder to make progress as well. And also if I have personal issues, they always stand by and they will tell me, Its okay. You will be fine. Learning something from this time and improve yourself for next time.  After that I developed a positive attitude and learned to get over it. If I am a boat, friends are like the sail, without the sail I cant sail to the sea, I will capsize in the surfy sea. To achieve my dream, the last F   would be future. Future plays a big role in my life, so it motivates me a lot as well. Actually, future takes a part in my dream. Whenever you want to give up, just think about your bright future  , that is what I would tell myself when I have a tough time. I always look forward to my future: my parents will be healthy, they wont need to worry about money, because I will take care of that; I will have a husband who loves me and cherishes me; and I will have a cool son and a cute daughter, I will teach them how to take care of themselves just like the way my parents taught me. .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca , .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .postImageUrl , .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca , .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca:hover , .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca:visited , .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca:active { border:0!important; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca:active , .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc757b2bdeab980b80c22b0865d918ca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breast Cancer Essay PaperIn order to have a bright future, I need to make some adjustments from now on, I am going to look after myself: I have to eat properly, keep out junk foods; I need to get used to drinking warm water which enhance digestion; I have to learn to take medicine whenever I am sick; because I need to be healthy myself so that I could take care of my parents in the future. Also, I will try to be friendly to everyone; I want to be a considerate person; I will care more about my friends who are around me; and I want to be a calm person and smile more than before. Im fighting for my future, because I want to be good enough to deserve the love of people who I love. These three F  s as if magnificent sunrise in my life, I live with them, I fight for them to build the road of my life. There might be hardness, difficulty and the time I want to give up. Even though I know life is tough, I will not be upset, because I have my parents love, friends standing by and a bright future waiting for me; their supports motivate me all the time.

Unit Essential Questions free essay sample

Compare and contrast the three regions of colonial development. The three regions of colonial development were very alike, however, very different at the same time. The New England colonies led very strict, Puritan lifestyles. New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island of the New England colonies were all founded due to religious conflict or the stretch for religious freedom. The Middle colonies were a mixture of religions such as Quakers, Catholics, and Jews. The Southern colonies had the most religious tolerance; this colonial region had about 10 differing religions all throughout the area. The New England colonies were not very successful with farming due to the dysfunctional terrain. Because of this they heavily relied on fishing, shipbuilding and textiles. The Middle colonies were dependent on agriculture and trade. The Southern colonies had slave trade, rice, and tobacco. The three colonial establishments were also very alike. Although they each lived colonial life in different ways, they were all democratic. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit Essential Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At one point, all of the colonies were unhappy with the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Quartering Acts, and so on. They all wanted to boycott the British when they met for the First Continental Congress. And they, obviously, all agreed to declare for independence from Britain (except for New York who passed on their vote). 2. What were the economic, social, and political reasons for the American Revolution? Politically, Parliament was extremely unfair to the colonies. They passed several tax acts: Townshend Acts, Stamp Act, and the Sugar Act. The Townshend Acts placed duties on imported goods, which made trade difficult for the colonies. The Stamp Act placed a tax on all printed materials, and the Sugar Act placed a tax on molasses. Socially, the people of the 13 areas were all generally upset with this money they were paying to support Britain’s war taxes. The men of the First Continental Congress were trying and trying to reason with Britain’s ruler, King George III. Their attempts were unsuccessful and the already upset colonists later broke out in war. 3. Why did our founding fathers set up the Constitution the way they did? The founding fathers set up the Constitution in a certain way to benefit everybody. They incorporated a system of Checks and Balances. This was made so the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches could all check on each other and keep each other on the right track. The whole constitution was created on the guidelines of balancing power. To make voting in government equal, they also created the â€Å"houses† of Congress. The Senate had 2 votes for the state, no matter what the size. The House of Representatives, however, allowed a certain amount of votes depending on the population of the state. This made every vote true, and accurate to the state’s needs. . What were the two biggest challenges facing the new United States of America? The two biggest challenges facing the new United States were obvious. They first had to establish their power, by enforcing their laws. George Washington did this by sending 12,000 men to Western Pennsylvania to dissolve the Whiskey Rebellion. This event established that America was dedicated to enforcing its laws. T he second thing the new States had to do was establish a form of revenue. They accomplished this by putting a tariff on imported goods, and a tax on whiskey.

The Ultimate Guide to the AP Statistics Exam

The Ultimate Guide to the AP Statistics Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking AP Statistics? If so, you're likely wondering what to expect from the AP Statistics exam. Before you sit down to take the final test, it's important to understand how the AP Stats test is formatted, what topics it will cover, and how it'll be scored. This guide will explain all of that information, show you official sample problems and give you tips on the best way to prepare for the AP Statistics test. In 2020, the AP Statistics exam will take place on Friday, May 15th at 12:00pm. How Is the AP Statistics Exam Structured? How long is the AP Statistics exam? The test is a total of three hours long and contains two sections: multiple choice and free response. You're allowed a graphing calculator for the entire exam. Multiple-Choice Section 40 multiple-choice questions 90 minutes long Worth 50% of exam score You can spend an average of a little more than two minutes on each multiple-choice question and finish the section in time. Free-Response Section 5 short-answer questions 1 Investigative Task 90 minutes long Worth 50% of exam score The five short-answer questions are meant to each be solved in about 12 minutes, and the Investigative Task is meant to be solved in about 30 minutes. What Does the AP Statistics Exam Test You On? The content of the AP Stats exam and course is centered around four major topics. Below are the four topics, along with what percentage of the exam will be on them and all the topics that fall beneath each of them. The list covers every single topic that the AP Statistics exam could test you on. #1: Exploring Data: Describing Patterns and Departures From Patterns (20-30%) Constructing and interpreting graphical displays of distributions of univariate data (dotplot, stemplot, histogram, cumulative frequency plot) Center and spread Clusters and gaps Outliers and other unusual features Shape Summarizing distributions of univariate data Measuring center: median, mean Measuring spread: range, interquartile range, standard deviation Measuring position: quartiles, percentiles, standardized scores (z-scores) Using boxplots The effect of changing units on summary measures Comparing distributions of univariate data (dotplots, back-to-back stemplots, parallel boxplots) Comparing center and spread: within group, between group variation Comparing clusters and gaps Comparing outliers and other unusual features Comparing shapes Exploring bivariate data Analyzing patterns in scatterplots Correlation and linearity Least-squares regression line Residual plots, outliers, and influential points Transformations to achieve linearity: logarithmic and power transformations Exploring categorical data Frequency tables and bar charts Marginal and joint frequencies for two-way tables Conditional relative frequencies and association Comparing distributions using bar charts #2: Sampling and Experimentation: Planning and Conducting a Study (10-15%) Planning and conducting experiments Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted experiment Treatments, control groups, experimental units, random assignments and replication Sources of bias and confounding, including placebo effect and blinding Completely randomized design Randomized block design, including matched pairs design Overview of methods of data collection Census Sample survey Experiment Observational study Planning and conducting surveys Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey Populations, samples, and random selection Sources of bias in sampling and surveys Sampling methods, including simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling Generalizability of results and types of conclusions that can be drawn from observational studies, experiments, and surveys #3: Anticipating Patterns: Exploring Random Phenomena Using Probability and Simulation (20-30%) The normal distribution Properties of the normal distribution Using tables of the normal distribution The normal distribution as a model for measurements Probability Interpreting probability, including long-run relative frequency interpretation "Law of Large Numbers" concept Addition rule, multiplication rule, conditional probability, and independence Discrete random variables and their probability distributions, including binomial and geometric Simulation of random behavior and probability distributions Mean (expected value) and standard deviation of a random variable, and linear transformation of a random variable Combining independent random variables Notion of independence versus dependence Mean and standard deviation for sums and differences of independent random variables Sampling distributions Sampling distribution of a sample proportion Sampling distribution of a sample mean Central Limit Theorem Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample proportions Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample means Simulation of sampling distributions t-distribution Chi-square distribution #4: Statistical Inference: Estimating Population Parameters and Testing Hypotheses (30-40%) Estimation (point estimators and confidence intervals) Estimating population parameters and margins of error Properties of point estimators, including unbiasedness and variability Logic of confidence intervals, meaning of confidence level and confidence intervals, and properties of confidence intervals Large sample confidence interval for a proportion Large sample confidence interval for a difference between two proportions Confidence interval for a mean Confidence interval for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) Confidence interval for the slope of a least-squares regression line Tests of Significance Logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; p-values; one- and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power Large sample test for a proportion Large sample test for a difference between two proportions Test for a mean Test for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) Chi-square test for goodness of fit, homogeneity of proportions, and independence (one- and two-way tables) Test for the slope of a least-squares regression line AP Statistics Sample Questions As we mentioned above, there are three types of questions on the AP Stats exam: multiple choice, short answer, and investigative task. Below are examples of each question type. You can see more sample questions and answer explanations in the AP Statistics Course Description. Multiple-Choice Sample Question There are 40 multiple-choice questions on the exam. Each has five answer options. Some questions will be accompanied by a chart or graph you need to analyze to answer the question. Short-Answer Sample Question There are five short-answer questions on the AP Stats test. Each of these questions typically includes several different parts you need to answer. You're expected to spend about 12 minutes on each short-answer question. Investigative Task Sample Question The final question on the exam is the Investigative Task question. This is the most in-depth question on the test, and you should spend about 30 minutes answering it. It will have multiple parts you need to answer and require multiple statistics skills. You'll also need to provide a detailed explanation of your answers that shows the strength of your statistics skills. Be sure to show all your work as you'll be graded on the completeness of your answer. How Is the AP Statistics Test Graded? For the multiple-choice part of the exam, you earn one point for each question you answer correctly. There are no point deductions for incorrect answers or questions you leave blank. Official AP graders will grade your free-response questions. Each of the six free-response questions is scored on a scale of 0 to 4 points, so the total section is out of 24 points. The free-response questions are graded holistically, which means, instead of getting a point or half a point for each bit of correct information you include, graders look at your answer to each question as a "complete package," and your grade is awarded on the overall quality of your answer. The grading rubric for each free-response question is: 4: Complete Response: Shows complete understanding of the problem's statistical components 3: Substantial Response: May include arithmetic errors, but answers are still reasonable and show substantial understanding of the problem's statistical components 2: Developing Response: May include errors that result in some unreasonable answers, but shows some understanding of the problem's statistical components 1: Minimal Response: Misuses or fails to use appropriate statistical techniques and shows only a limited understanding of statistical components by failing to identify important components 0: No Response: Shows little or no understanding of statistical components What does holistic grading mean for you? Basically, you can't expect to earn many points by including a few correct equations or arithmetic answers if you're missing key statistical analysis. You need to show you understand how to use stats to get a good score on these questions. Estimating Your AP Statistics Score If you take a practice AP Stats exam (which you should!) you'll want to get an estimate of what your score on it is so you can get an idea of how well you'd do on the real exam. To estimate your score, you'll need to do a few calculations. 1. Multiply the number of points you got on the multiple-choice section by 1.25 2. For free-response questions 1 through 5, add the number of points you got together and multiply that sum by 1.875 (don't round). If you need help estimating your score, the official free-response questions we linked to above include sample responses to help you get an idea of the score you'd get for each question. 3. For free-response question #6, multiply your score by 3.125. 4. Add the scores you got in steps 1-3 together to get your Composite Score. For example, say you got 30 questions correct on the multiple-choice section, 13 points on questions 1-5, and 2 points on question 6. Your score would be (30 x 1.25) + (13 x 1.875) + (2 x 3.125) = 68.125 which rounds to 68 points. By looking at the chart below, you can see that'd get you a 4 on the AP Statistics exam. Below is a conversion chart so you can see how raw score ranges translate into final AP scores. I've also included the percentage of students who earned each score in 2017 to give you an idea of what the score distribution looks like: Composite Score AP Score Percentage of Students Earning Each Score (2017) 70-100 5 13.6% 57-69 4 15.9% 44-56 3 24.8% 33-43 2 20.2% 0-32 1 25.5% Source: The College Board Where Can You Find Practice AP Stats Tests? Practice tests are an important part of your AP Stats prep. There are official and unofficial AP Stats practice tests available. Below are some of the best practice tests to use. Official Practice Tests 2012 Complete Practice Test 1997 Complete Practice Test Free-Response Questions 1998-2017 Unofficial Practice Tests Barron's Practice Test To learn more about where to find AP Statistics practice tests and how to use them, check out our complete guide to AP Statistics practice exams. 3 Tips for the AP Statistics Exam In this section we go over three of the most useful tips you can use when preparing for and taking the AP Statistics test. Follow these and you're more likely to get a great score on the exam. #1: For Free Response, Answer the Entire Question As we mentioned earlier, free-response questions on AP Stats are graded holistically, which means you'll get one score for the entire question. This is different from many other AP exams where each correct component you include in a free-response question gets you a certain number of points, and those points are then added up to get your total score for that question. The Stats free-response questions are graded holistically because there are often multiple correct answers in statistics depending on how you solve the problem and explain your answer. This means you can't just answer part of the question and expect to get a good score, even if you've answered that part perfectly. If you've ignored a large part of the problem, your score will be low no matter what. So instead of trying to get a point here and there by including a correct formula or solving one part of a question, make sure you're looking at the entire problem and answering it as completely as possible. Also, if you need to include an explanation, be sure it explains your thought process and the steps you took. If your explanation shows you understand important stats concepts, it could help you get a higher score even if your final answer isn't perfect. Aiming for the most complete response possible is also important if you can't answer one part of a question that's needed to answer other parts. For example, if you can't figure out what the answer to part A is, but you need to use that answer for parts B and C, just make up an answer (try to keep it logical), and use that answer to solve the other parts, or explain in detail how you'd solve the problem if you knew what the answer to part A was. If you can show you know how to solve the latter problems correctly, you'll likely get some credit for showing you understand the stats concepts being tested. #2: Know How to Use Your Calculator You'll need a graphing calculator to answer pretty much every question on the Stats exam, so make sure you know how to use it. Ideally, the calculator you use on test day will be the same one you've been doing homework and taking tests with throughout the school year so you know exactly how to use it. Knowing how to solve common stats functions on your calculator and interpret the answers you get will save you a lot of time on the exam. Your calculator will likely be most useful on the multiple-choice section where you don't need to worry about showing work. Just plug in the data you're given into your calculator, and run the right equations. Then you'll have your answer! #3: Know Your Vocabulary You may think that since AP Stats is a math course, vocab won't be an important part of the test, but you need to know quite a few terms to do well on this exam. Confusing right- and left-skewed or random sampling and random allocation, for example, could lead to you losing tons of points on the test. During the school year, stay on top of any new terms you learn in class. Making flashcards of the terms and quizzing yourself regularly is a great way to stay up-to-date on vocab. Many AP Stats prep books also include a glossary of important terms you can use while studying. Before the AP Stats exam, you should know all important terms like the back of your hand. Having a general idea isn't good enough. A big part of stats is being able to support your answers, and to do this you'll often need to use stats vocab in your explanations. Just stating the term won't earn you nearly as many points as being able to explain what the term is and how it supports your answer, so make sure you really know your vocab well. Summary: Statistics AP Exam The AP Statistics exam is three hours long and consists of 40 multiple-choice questions and six free-response questions. The content of the exam covers four main areas: exploring data, sampling and experimentation, anticipating patterns, and statistical inference. To prepare well for AP Stats exam questions, it's important to take practice exams and know how to grade them so you can estimate how well you'd do on the actual test. When studying for the AP exam, remember to answer the entire question for free response, know how to use your calculator, and be on top of stats vocabulary. What's Next? Feel the need to do some quick reviewing after looking through what'll be covered on the AP Stats exam? Take a spin through our guide to statistical significance to refresh yourself on how to run a t-test. How difficult is AP Stats compared to other AP classes? Get the answer by reading our guide to the hardest AP exams and classes. Wondering which other math classes you should take besides statistics? Math is often the trickiest subject to choose classes for, but our guide will help you figure out exactly which math classes to take for each year of high school. A prep book can be one of your best study resources for the AP Stats exam. But which prep book should you choose? Check out our guide to AP Stats prep books to learn which is the best and which you should avoid. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Laundry Detergent Glowing Skull

Laundry Detergent Glowing Skull If you have laundry detergent, you can make a glow-in-the dark skull that you can put on your sidewalk or window that will be invisible during the day but will glow at night. Heres how you do it. Glowing Skull Materials You only need a few basic household materials for this project, plus a black light. Liquid laundry detergent or else mix powdered detergent with a bit of waterSponge or paper towelArtistic talent or else a stencilBlack light Make the Decoration Download a skull stencil pattern and print it.Cut out the eyes, nose, and mouth of the skull.Select the location for your decoration. You may wish to choose part of the front walkway near a porch light so you can switch out the normal light bulb for a black light. You could also use a black light and an extension cord to put the decoration anywhere. This project works well on a sidewalk or a wall. You could put the skull on a windowpane if you wanted.Dampen a sponge or paper towel with liquid laundry detergent. You want it wet enough to deposit the color, but not dripping wet.Place the stencil where you want the decoration.Blot over the stencil with the detergent-coated sponge to fill in the shapes of the skull. If you mess up badly, just wash it off and try again.Turn on the black light when you want to see the decoration. Turn the light off when you dont want to see it. Wash away the picture when Halloween is over. How It Works Laundry detergents contain brightening agents that glow when exposed to light. They are intended to make whites appear whiter by adding a bit of blue light to them under ultraviolet light, like in sunlight or under fluorescent lights. When you shine a black light on detergent, you get a very bright glow. The glow is bright enough that you dont need total darkness to get a nice effect.

Organizational Behavior wk 7 discussion Assignment

Organizational Behavior wk 7 discussion - Assignment Example Norms are on the other hand established codes that are communicated to members of the organization and subsequently observed (Cameron and Quinn, 2011). The structure at the company, Google, is organic. This is because of its structural features that include teamwork, integration of efforts and processes, decentralized authority, and informal communication (Cho, 2012). Organizational culture of a company can be a strategic competitive advantage. This is because it is a direct tool to operational efficiency and hence organizational performance. A culture that motivates employees particularly promotes efficiencies towards cost effectiveness. As a result, the organization will be able to achieve competitive advantage through lower prices. Similarly, an informal culture in which the employees are allowed room for experiments into innovation leads to development of new brands of commodities towards competitive advantage (Cameron and Quinn, 2011). The organizational culture at Google Company is an example of cultures that generates effectiveness. The organic structure and the freedom of employee facilitate innovation of processes and products leading to effectiveness (Cho,

The NFLs Digital Media Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The NFLs Digital Media Strategy - Essay Example While it is true that the players do seem to be getting more exciting and better with the games more spectacular and the presentation much slicker, this is only but one side of the NFL’s success. The other side of the NFL’s success lies behind the scenes with tactics, strategies and programs, which the NFL has followed in diligent, careful and ambitious stewardship of the NFL league. As a league, it is more than a collection of owners, coaches, players and franchises. The NFL also produces some of entertainments most sought after content. The leagues ambitious programming and broadcasting plans now require the flexibility to allow it distribute this content via new programs, channels, and ventures. In order to improve on the ability to capitalize on these new opportunities in the media, the NFL needs to re-invent its processes and systems to allow for increased monetization of its wireless broadcasts of content. Goals of the organization Like most successful entertainment and media companies, the NFL seeks to haul out as much value as it can from the assets it has in media. The core of this media content includes audio and video clips, which NFL, an affiliated media company films maintains and establishes (Hutchins & Rowe, 2012). NFL films acts as the NFLs most important channel for promotion. Operating out of New Jersey, the company produces such television programs as State Farm NFL match-up and Playbook. These programs represent the face of the NFL and, as such, the richness and quality of the content has to be just right. The NFL aims to gain several benefits from pursuing a digital content strategy. These are; more compelling and robust video content to be broadcast on wireless channels, improved ability to benefit from digital content partnerships and new media opportunities, strengthening of their brand on a global level, and improved ability to monetize and leverage the underlying value of its brand on a glo bal level (Hutchins & Rowe, 2012). Options Available There are several options open to the NFL n their pursuit of a lucrative digital content strategy. First, they could pursue an exclusive partnership with a wireless carrier, just like its current deal with Sprint. Second, they could form non-exclusive partnerships with an array of wireless carriers that would give them the right to carry their content on their phones but with no exclusive rights to the content. Third, they could include the rights to wireless content with one or more TV networks. This would involve showing live and full games or highlights in progress, as well as rights to NFL film’s live videos. Selection of Best Option including Analysis and Information Supporting the Decision The best option for the NFL would be to include wireless rights in partnerships with existing or new broadcast partners. This would work to achieve the double-digit growth anticipated by the bosses at the NFL because, with the deals for television broadcasts, up for renewal in the 2013 season, the mobile rights to NFL content would be of very high value to the TV broadcasters. Some of the networks, like ESPN, already have ESPN mobile, which offers to steam video, as well as other NFL content that could significantly enhance the NFL product. Even though, DirecTV already has the rights to wireless content meaning that any new deal would not give exclusive rights to the other TV networks, the networks would be willing to work with this given the demand for digital content by the consumer. They would still make a lot of money from non-exclusive deals by offering digital content to their clients (IBM, 2012). The communication industry is in the middle of a revolution known as convergence.

Effect of Radiofrequency of GSM Phones on the Brain

Effect of Radiofrequency of GSM Phones on the Brain CHAPTER ONE 1.0  INTRODUCTION There has been growing concern about the possible adverse health effects resulting from exposure to radiofrequency radiations (RFR), such as those from mobile communication devices. This radiation belongs to the type called non-ionizing radiation the health hazard of which remains debatable (Ayeni et al., 2011). The possible risks of microwaves for the human body has attracted interest since the 1960s (i.e., before the arrival of mobile phones), when radar and microwave ovens posed a possible health problem ( Salford et al., 2003). ( Oscar and Hawkins, 1977) performed early studies on effects of RF EMFs on the blood-brain barrier. They demonstrated that at very low energy levels (less than 10 W/m2),the fields in a restricted exposure window caused a significant leakage of 14C-mannitol, inulin, and also dextran (same molecular weight as albumin) from the capillaries into the surrounding cerebellar brain tissue. A recent in vitro study has shown that EMF at 1.8GHz increase the permeabi lity of the blood-brain barrier to sucrose (Schirmacher et at. 2000). Shivers and colleagues (Shivers et al., 1987 and Prato et al.,1990) examined the effect of magnetic resonance imaging upon the rat brain. They showed that the combined exposure to RF EMFs and pulsed and static magnetic Fields gave rise to a significant pinocytotic transport of albumin from the capillaries into the brain. (Hassel et al., 1994) have shown that autologous albumin injected into the brain tissue of rats leads to damage to neurons at the injection site when the concentration of albumin in the injected solution is at least 25% of that in blood. The voluntary exposure of the brain to microwaves from hand-held mobile phones by one-fourth of the worlds population has been called the largest human biologic experiment ever (Salford et al., 2001). When using mobile phone, electromagnetic wave is transferred to the body which causes health problems especially at the place near ear skull region where they are kn own to affect the neurones. The possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) for the human body is a growing concern for our society (Hyland 2000). Most researchers in the field have dwelled on the question of whether RF EMFs may induce or promote cancer growth. Although some have indicated increased risk (Hardell et al., 2002 and Repacholi et al. 1997), most studies, including our own, have shown no effects (Salford et al. 1997a) or even a decreased risk (Adey et al., 1999). The study of (Schà ¶rnborn et al., 1998) showed that the adult human head absorbs 80% of the radiation emitted by a cellular telephone. The extensive use of cellular communication devices is accompanied by public concerns about possible harmful effects on human health as a result of exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation from these devices(Purushothaman et al., 2013). Thermal biological effects of microwave radiation have been investigated both from the experimental and numerical view points(Elwasife 2012). Damaged neurons, as revealed by cresyl violet staining, were found amongst normal neurons in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia., with a maximum incidence around 2%, but in some restricted areas, dominated the picture. Heating and heat exchange have been viewed as measures of essential processes in the brain and other living tissues, and intrinsic thermal energy has been seen as setting an immutable threshold for external stimulation ([Adair, 1994]). 1.1`Background of the study During recent years, GSM mobile phones (Global System for Mobile Telecommunications), the most powerful RF transmitters in our everyday environment, have become widely and increasingly used by the public and to date there is no clear evidence about their possible biological effects(Panagopoulos et al, 2004). A number of recent developments have resulted in renewed interest in and concern among scientists and the general public about the biological effects of microwave and radiofrequency radiation exposure (Cleary 1977). All life on earth is bathed in a sea of natural low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields from conception to death (Adey 2007). In recent times, many people have expressed an interest in learning if the use of cell phones is associated with cancer. Many have heard or read about possible links between cell phones and cancer, but conclusions are rarely definitive ( Zamanian and Hardiman, 2005). It is known that the numbers of people that are using mobile phone in the wo rld are increasing daily (As of November 2011, there were more than 6 billion subscriptions worldwide). Thus it is very important for us to look into the possible danger that may be involved in the usage of phone, since it is a device that receive and send signal (information) using antenna by generating and receiving radio frequency wave. And it is known that radio wave is a form of electromagnetic wave (RIVUX G), which of cause have some danger to human body. Further, the human head is one of the most sensitive organs for EM radiation (Purushothaman et al., 2013). A common concern today, since more and more people are using cell phones than ever before, is that cell phone antennas radiate near a person’s head (Zamanian and Hardiman, 2005). Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation has been reported to produce a number of biological effects on biomolecules, cells, and whole organisms, including changes in intracellular ionic concentrations, the synthesis rate of differe nt biomolecules, cell proliferation rates, the reproductive capacity of animals, etc (Panagopoulos et al, 2004). Thus the GSM have to be look into to know it effect on the brain. The phone manufacturers have silence on the danger that GSM can cause on the brain but never the less we have to look into the radiation produce from the GSM and known whether it cause any adverse effect on brain. 1.2  Problem statement Radio Frequency (RF) engineers are faced many times with the following two questions: â€Å"What are the effects of radio waves on human health?† and, more specifically, â€Å"What health risks are associated with the use of cell phones, mobile radios, microwave radios, microwave ovens, broadcast radio and television transmitters, power lines and X-rays?( Zamanian and Hardiman, 2005). The obvious problem encountered in the establishment of causal relationships for low intensity microwave-induced alterations in biological systems is the lack of physical interaction mechanisms to explain such phenomena (Cleary, 1977). In this mode of operation, a mobile phone may be regarded as a quite powerful radio transmitter. Its emission at the head surface is typically 10,000 times stronger than fields reaching the head of a user standing within 30 m of the base of a typical mobile phone relay transponder mounted on a tower 30m above ground (Adey 2007). Many people in Nigeria does not kno w the danger the GSM can make them to be expose to by just using it. As many that use the phone have complain of headache, loss of memory, weakness and so on. But they still could not understand the possible causes of these disorderliness in their head, thus there is need for us to look into the study matter and see if the GSM have any possible cause to their problem. Studies of the behavioral effects of low intensity microwave and radiofrequency radiation have produced what appear to be rather contradictory or  inconsistent results. (Cleargy, 1977). 1.3  Justification of the study This study will make the people know the danger that GSM phone can cause in their brain and help them know the symptoms of the effect. Public concern has been aroused by the news media in which attention has been drawn to a number of international incidents involving intentional exposure of humans to microwave fields (Brodeur, 1976). So that people will not be blind folded and just base their mind on the positive effects the GSM has, and not considering the adverse effect it can cause to human brain. Although some group like the international commission on non ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) and mobile manufacturer forum (MMF) that manufacturers mobile equipments and GSM operator across the world insists that there are no discernible effects from the RF radiated from base station and mobile phone (Shalangwa et al., 2011). Scientific interest has been kindled by reports that have appeared during the past few years which consistently suggest that biological systems, both in vivo and in vitro, are affected by exposure to field intensities that were formerly thought to be incapable of producing detectable alterations (Taylor and Cheung 1977). But this study will pose us into possible danger that may be result from the use of GSM. Therefore people in Nigeria will not just buy mobile phone but look at the danger it can cause in respect to it specific absorption rate (SAR) of the type of phone. 1.4  Aim and Objectives The aim of the study is to know the effect of radiofrequency of GSM to brain Objectives: To know whether GSM have any effect on the brain To determine the danger GSM can expose our brain to To suggest a possible protection GSM usage To consider the specific absorption rate (SAR) that is permissible by the brain 1.5  Research questions How does brain work? How does the GSM affect the brain? What frequency will make GSM to affect the brain? Under what condition will GSM affect the brain? What can be use to prevent the effect of GSM on brain? What are the effects the GSM have on the brain? What is effect of radio frequency radiation of GSM mobile phone on blood brain barrier? How do the SAR values of phones affect the temperature distribution in the brain?